The Growth of Rome - Ancient History

At first, Rome was just one, small city-state in an area of Latin-speaking people (called Latium), on the west side of Italys peninsula. Rome, as a monarchy (founded, according to legend, in 753 B.C.), couldnt even keep foreign powers from ruling it. It started gaining strength from about 510 B.C. (when the Romans threw out their last king) until the middle of the 3rd century B.C. During this -- the early Republican -- period, Rome made and broke strategic treaties with neighboring groups in order to help her conquer other city-states. In the end, after revising her battle tactics, weapons, and legions, Rome emerged as the undisputed leader of Italy. This quick look at the growth of Rome names the events leading to Romes domination over the peninsula. Early RomeLegendary Founding of Rome Etruscan and Italic Kings of Rome In the legendary beginning of its history, Rome was ruled by 7 kings. The first was Romulus, whose ancestry is traced to Trojan (War) prince Aeneas.The next king was a Sabine (a region of Latium northeast of Rome), Numa Pompilius.The third king was a Roman, Tullus Hostilius, who welcomed the Albans into Rome.The fourth king was Numas grandson, Ancus Martius.After him came the 3 Etruscan kings,Tarquinius Priscus,his son-in-law Servius Tullius, andTarquins son, the last king of Rome, known as Tarquinius Superbus or Tarquin the Proud. The Etruscans were based in Etruria, a large area of the Italic peninsula to the north of Rome. 7 Kings of RomeGeography of Rome The Growth of Rome Starts Latin Alliances The Romans expelled their Etruscan king and his relatives peacefully, but soon thereafter they had to fight to keep them out. By the time the Romans had defeated the Etruscan Porsenna, at Aricia, even the threat of Etruscan rule of the Romans had reached its end. Then the Latin city-states, but excluding Rome, banded together in an alliance against Rome. While they battled each other, the Latin allies suffered attacks from the mountain tribes. These tribes lived east of the Apennines, a long mountain range that separates Italy into an eastern and western side. The mountain tribes are presumed to have been attacking because they needed more arable land. Rome and the Latins Make Treaties The Latins had no extra land to give the mountain tribes, so, in about 493 B.C., the Latins -- this time including Rome -- signed a mutual defense treaty that is called foedus Cassianum, which is Latin for Cassian Treaty. A few years later, in about 486 B.C., the Romans made a treaty with one of the mountain peoples, the Hernici, who lived between the Volsci and the Aequi, who were other eastern mountain tribes. Bound to Rome by separate treaties, the league of Latin city-states, the Hernici, and Rome defeated the Volsci. Rome then settled Latins and Romans as farmer/landowners in the territory. Growth of Rome Rome Expands Into Veii In 405 B.C., the Romans began an unprovoked 10-year struggle to annex the Etruscan city of Veii. The other Etruscan cities failed to rally to the defense of Veii in a timely manner. By the time some of the Etruscan league of cities came, they were blocked. Camillus led the Roman and allied troops into victory in Veii, where they slaughtered some Etruscans, sold others into slavery, and added land to the Roman territory (ager publicus) , much of it given to Romes plebeian poor. Latin LeagueVeientine WarsBattle of Lake RegillusCoriolanus Temporary Setback to the Growth of Rome The Sack of the Gauls In the 4th century B.C., Italy was invaded by the Gauls. Although Rome survived, thanks in part to the noisily famous Capitoline geese, the Romans defeat at the Battle of the Allia remained a sore spot throughout Romes history. The Gauls left Rome only after they were given vast quantities of gold. Then they gradually settled down, and some (the Senones) made alliances with Rome. Rome Dominates Central Italy Romes defeat made other Italic cities more confident, but the Romans didnt just sit back. They learned from their mistakes, improved their military, and fought off Etruscans, Aequi, and Volsci during the decade between 390 and 380. In 360, the Hernici (Romes former non-Latin league ally who had helped defeat the Volsci), and the cities of Praeneste and Tibur allied themselves against Rome, unsuccessfully: Rome added them to its territory. Rome forced a new treaty on her Latin allies making Rome dominant. The Latin League, with Rome at its head, then defeated the league of Etruscan cities. In the middle of the 4th century B.C., Rome turned towards the south, to Campania (where Pompeii, Mt. Vesuvius and Naples are located) and the Samnites. Although it took until the beginning of the third century, Rome did defeat the Samnites and annexed the rest of central Italy.​ Rome Annexes Southern Italy Finally Rome looked to Magna Graecia in southern Italy and fought King Pyrrhus of Epirus. While Pyrrhus won 2 battles, both sides fared badly. Rome had an almost inexhaustible supply of manpower (because it demanded troops of its allies and conquered territories). Pyrrhus pretty much only had those men he had brought with him from Epirus, so the Pyrrhic victory turned out to be worse for the victor than the defeated. When Pyrrhus lost his third battle against Rome, he left Italy, leaving southern Italy to Rome. Rome was then recognized as supreme and entered into international treaties. King Pyrrhus of EpirusTarentum and the Pyrrhic Wars The next step was to go beyond the Italic peninsula.   Source: Cary and Scullard.

The Culture Of Media Advertisements - 949 Words

Culture in Media ADS The definition of culture states that it means a way of life of a group of people, the behaviors the beliefs values and symbols that they accept. Generally without thinking about them, and they are passed along by communication and imitation by one generation to the next. In the HSBC commercials we see them showing the differences between for an example the way certain cultures do business. Some American meetings take place standing up in order to save time. In Japan this would be unacceptable, because the managers need to take time to contemplate what is being discussed. In Thailand showing the soles of your feet is considered rude, which in America this way of resting or relaxing is seen all the time. Showing the palm of your hand as a gesture would be unacceptable in parts of Greece. Here in the United States when you show the palm of your hand Toward someone’s face you are stating â€Å"talk to the hand†, which in essence means â€Å" I do not care to hear anything that you have to say.† The HSCB commercials state that local knowledge is important concerning culture. These commercials denote the fact that you can learn something about different cultures that can directly or indirectly benefit a business endeavor you may have or be involved in. The Gatorade commercials called the G-Series does, a lot of advertisement using athletes such as Michael Jordan. Gatorade dominates the sports drink market. Gatorade markets its product not only to athletes, butShow MoreRelatedAdvertisement And Culture Of The Media1658 Words   |  7 Pages Advertisement and Cultural Transformation in Middle East: In Special Context to Oman Abhishek K. 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In addition, print media is the first mass medium to communicate and reach an immensely colossal number of audience. We look to sundry of print media such as a magazine a somewhat reliable form of media delivering consumers with stories, opinions and visuals expressing current events. However

Advantages of cce system free essay sample

Continuous and comprehensive evaluation is an education system newly introduced by Central Board of Secondary Education in India, for students of sixth to tenth grades. The main aim of CCE is to evaluate every aspect of the child during their presence at the school. This is believed to help reduce the pressure on the child during/before examinations as the student will have to sit for multiple tests throughout the year, of which no test or the syllabus covered will be repeated at the end of the year, whatsoever. The CCE method is claimed to bring enormous changes from the traditional chalk and talk method of teaching, provided it is implemented accurately. Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation was formulated by Ministry of Human Resource Development, Kapil Sibal. This is the new teaching method introduced recently to decrease the accumulated stress of board exams on the students and to introduce a more uniform and comprehensive pattern in education for the children all over the nation. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages of cce system or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page CCE helps in improving students performance by identifying his/her learning difficulties and abilities at regular time intervals right from the beginning of the academic session and employing suitable remedial measures for enhancing their learning performance. CCE is the modern method of evaluating all the prime dimensions of a students personality that of how much he has been through out. New scheme of evaluation As a part of this new system, students marks will be replaced by grades which will be evaluated through a series of curricular and extra-curricular evaluations along with academics. The aim is to reduce the workload on students and to improve the overall skill and ability of the student by means of evaluation of other activities. Grades are awarded to students based on work experience skills, dexterity, innovation, steadiness, teamwork, public speaking, behavior, etc. to evaluate and present an overall measure of the students ability. This helps the students who are not good in academics to show their talent in other fields such as arts, humanities, sports, music, athletics, etc. Marks and grades In CCE, the marks obtained in an exam are usually not revealed. However, equivalent grades, which would be deduced using a special method by the  teachers during evaluation would be revealed. This is considered as a drawback since a child with 92 marks will get the same grade as the child with 100 marks and their talents cannot be recognized by anyone else other than their teachers. Though this system might have some drawbacks it instills this value that students need to compete with themselves to get a better grade and not with others. Examination pattern Unlike CBSEs old pattern of only one test at the end of the academic year, the CCE conducts several. There are two different types of tests. Namely, the formative and the summative. Formative tests will comprise the students work at class and home, the students performance in oral tests and quizzes and the quality of the projects or assignments submitted by the child. Formative tests will be conducted four times in an academic session, and they will carry a 40% weightage for the aggregate. In some schools, an additional written test is conducted instead of multiple oral tests. However, at-least one oral test is conducted. The summative assessment is a three-hour long written test conducted twice an year. The first summative or Summative Assessment 1 (SA-1) will be conducted after the first two formatives are completed. The second (SA-2) will be conducted after the next two formatives. Each summative will carry a 30% weightage and both together will carry a 60% weightage for the aggregate. The summative assessment will be conducted by the schools itself. However, the question papers will be partially prepared by the CBSE and evaluation of the answer sheets is also strictly monitored by the CBSE. Once completed, the syllabus of one summative will not be repeated in the next. A student will have to concentrate on totally new topics for the next summative.

Water Dams Essays - Mekong River, Freshwater Ecoregions,

Water Dams Water Dams Most dams are designed to accomplish a variety of functions, which include flood control, flat water recreation, hydropower electricity generation, and water supply. Although these seem like good reasons for the existence of dams, this type of constructions bring greater negative effects than good ones. The environment effects of dams include loss of land and biological resources to inundation, reservoir sedimentation and downstream erosion, and hydrological changes unfavorable to many native or desirable species. Dams just strangle rivers and the perfect example of the damage dams cause to rivers is what is happening to the Mekong River in Asia. The Mekong river covers more than 4500 kilometers through 6 countries. It crosses through the Chinis providence of Yunnan, borders Birmania, It divides Thailand and Laos, cuts through Cambodia, passes through South Vietnam, and finally ends in the China Ocean. The Mekong sustains 100 million people, who not only depend on this river for their alimentation or water, but also for irrigation, and for traveling, and sometimes just for recreation. The Thailandese people call it the Mother of rivers. Today like many rivers in the world, the Mekong is in danger. The reason is the massive and not well planned construction of dams. These constructions have started to threaten the ecosystem of the river, as well as the subsistence of dozens of communities along its shore. This dams, which have mostly been build last decate, provide energy to southwest Asia. But they also stop the natural migration of fishes, and affect their reproduction and alter the level and quality of water. Some people who live around the river refer to the dams constructions as evil and they say that they have destroyed the happiness of their family. Like in many other places in the world the constructions of dams in the Mekong has caused deforastation, it has destroyed the wild life and has caused the displacement of thousands of poor people who live along the river. These types of damages are being revaluated to see if the benefits of these dams are superior to the environmental and social costs. The Comision of The Mekon river, an organization which normally defends development in Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam, said that the ecosystem of the Mekong was deteriorating and added: If the current riddem of damage continues, the forests, the biodiversity, the existence of fish and quality of the soil will all be damaged to the point were recuperation will be impossible. For some years now, many Asian countries have looked at the Mekong River as an opportunity to generate electricity and with this be able to develop faster. Being that most of the regions around the rive are poor governments have looked at the Mekong as a way to produce money. China and Laos in particular have argumented about the potential the river can give them. China insists that the dams, created to give energy to cities in the province of Yunnan, wont damage the Mekong. And Beijing insists that the dams will be of benefit to countries south of the damn because it will equilibrate the flow of the river by controlling the quantities of water to be flown during droughts and flowd seasons. But people who oppose to this project ask what will happen if china is under a huge drought? Will they close the damn and stay with all the water living nothing to the countries on the south? Or what will happen if they suffer from an intense drought? Will they let all the water go causing inundations on the south? Some activist, are worried that Beijing already acts like the owner of the Mekong. China is not ready to change its plans for a negative impact outside its borders. Outside of China the sentiment towards the dams has changed considerable. The experts all agree that the dams kill wild life and the habitat of the fish. The environmentalists say that once the costs for compensation of the land and financial damages to individuals are calculated having in mind the cost of construction of the damns, many of the skeems of hydroelectric energy in the Mekong wont be successful. Last year, the World Bank, an organization that has support the